Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI – Narrative Text

1. Pengertian Narrative Text

Narrative text adalah teks yang bertujuan menceritakan sebuah kisah atau peristiwa yang biasanya bersifat imajinatif (fiksi). Teks ini dibuat untuk menghibur pembaca melalui alur cerita, tokoh, dan konflik.

2. Tujuan (Purpose)

Tujuan narrative text:

• Menghibur pembaca (to entertain).
• Menceritakan pengalaman atau kejadian.
• Menyampaikan pesan moral atau nilai kehidupan.

3. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure)

1. Orientation
   Bagian pembuka yang memperkenalkan tokoh, tempat, dan waktu.
   Contoh: “Once upon a time, there lived a kind princess in a small kingdom.”
2. Complication
   Bagian yang menceritakan masalah atau konflik yang dialami tokoh.
   Contoh: “One day, a dragon attacked the kingdom.”
3. Resolution
   Bagian yang berisi penyelesaian masalah. Penyelesaian bisa happy ending atau sad ending.
   Contoh: “The prince defeated the dragon and saved the kingdom.”
4. (Optional) Re-orientation / Moral Lesson
   Bagian penutup yang berisi pesan moral atau kesimpulan.
   Contoh: “The story teaches us to be brave and help others.”

4. Ciri Kebahasaan (Language Features)

• Past Tense
  Contoh: went, lived, saw, helped
• Action verbs (kata kerja aksi)
  Contoh: ran, climbed, fought, rescued
• Time connectives (kata penghubung waktu)
  Contoh: once upon a time, then, suddenly, after that, finally
• Direct speech (kalimat langsung)
  Contoh: “Help me!” cried the girl.
• Adverbs & adjectives untuk memperjelas cerita
  Contoh: quickly, bravely, beautiful, scary

5. Contoh Narrative Text

The Legend of Malin Kundang

Orientation:
Once upon a time in West Sumatra, there lived a poor widow and her only son, Malin Kundang. They lived in a small hut near the beach.

Complication:
Malin grew into a strong young man and decided to go overseas to seek a better life. Years later, he became wealthy and married a beautiful woman. When he returned to his village, his mother recognized him and ran to hug him, but Malin refused to admit her because he felt ashamed of her poor appearance.

Resolution:
His mother was heartbroken and prayed to God to punish Malin. Suddenly, a storm hit his ship, and Malin was turned into stone.

Moral Lesson:
We must always respect and love our parents.

6. Latihan Soal

A. Jawablah pertanyaan berikut berdasarkan cerita “Malin Kundang”:

1. Where did Malin Kundang live?
2. Why didn’t Malin want to admit his mother?
3. What happened to Malin at the end of the story?

B. Tugas Menulis

Buatlah narrative text singkat (8–12 kalimat) dengan memilih salah satu tema berikut:

• Fairy tale (dongeng)
• Legend (legenda)
• Fable (cerita binatang)
• Myth (mitos)

Gunakan struktur: Orientation – Complication – Resolution.

7. Tips Menulis Narrative Text

• Tentukan jenis cerita (fable, fairy tale, legend, dll.).
• Buat tokoh utama dan tokoh pendukung.
• Susun alur dengan jelas: awal – konflik – penyelesaian.
• Gunakan kata kerja bentuk lampau (past tense).
• Gunakan kata sambung waktu untuk membuat cerita mengalir.